Brig. Gen. Steven J. Spano, USAF, director of communications, Headquarters Air Combat Command, Langley Air Force Base, Virginia, served as the distinguished speaker for the November meeting. He discussed how to understand decisions that result in adjustments to paradigms and how operational procedures are affected. The information technology and cyber communities have to adjust their rules in high-threat, vulnerable and rapidly evolving combat spaces. However, the general noted, the opposing side is not confined by the same set of rules and can adjust its technology, strategy and tactics without limitations. Gen. Spano highlighted the theory of game changing as a need for the U.S. military to unify collaboration, integrate communication and focus on mission system integration.