Blurring the Lines

Nanobiotechnology, a recently coined term, emerged from blending molecular biology and nanotechnology. It is a branch of science that revolves around structures or functional materials at the nanoscale, which are produced by employing both physical and chemical methods, explained Sumaira Anjum, assistant professor at the Department of Biotechnology at the Kinnaird College for Women.

While this field integrates machines and living organisms, there is another area of research where a small military punch may make a big difference on the battlefield.

The ability of nanosensors to detect at the molecular or even atomic level is critical to national security. They could be used to detect radioactive materials or toxins like anthrax, offering early warning and increased protection to warfighters.

Another example is around “nanoblood.” Hemorrhage is a leading cause of death on battlefields and among civilians under 45. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) are developing blood-like nanoparticles that, when added to IV fluids, enhance clotting and oxygen-carrying capacity without requiring whole blood. These biodegradable nanomaterials work with natural blood, supporting recovery and degrading as blood volume is restored.

Other universities and research centers across the country are working on a variety of projects. MIT and another one run by Northwestern University are linked with defense agencies to develop new nanocapabilities.